![]() You want to control for revision time because you believe that the effect of test anxiety levels on overall exam performance will depend, to some degree, on the amount of time students spend revising. A one-way MANCOVA is used to determine whether there are any statistically significant differences between the adjusted means of three or more independent (unrelated) groups, having controlled for a continuous covariate.įor example, you could use a one-way MANCOVA to determine whether a number of different exam performances differed based on test anxiety levels amongst students, whilst controlling for revision time (i.e., your dependent variables would be "humanities exam performance", "science exam performance" and "mathematics exam performance", all measured from 0-100, your independent variable would be "test anxiety level", which has three groups – "low-stressed students", "moderately-stressed students" and "highly-stressed students" – and your covariate would be "revision time", measured in hours). This covariate is linearly related to the dependent variables and its inclusion into the analysis can increase the ability to detect differences between groups of an independent variable. The one-way multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) can be thought of as an extension of the one-way MANOVA to incorporate a covariate or an extension of the one-way ANCOVA to incorporate multiple dependent variables. ![]() One-way MANCOVA in SPSS Statistics Introduction
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